This form is used to express "can" or "be able to." It reflects physical/mental ability, permission, or possibility.
Positive Form (Olumlu):
Rule: Verb Stem + (y) + Abil + Tense + Personal Ending.
Example: Okuyabilirim (I can read).
Negative Form (Olumsuz): (Very Important)
Turkish distinguishes between "I cannot" (lack of ability) and "I might not" (possibility):
Form 1 (Inability): Stem + (y)A + Negative Tense.
Used for total lack of ability.
Example: Yapamam (I cannot do it).
Form 2 (Possible Negative): Stem + mA + yAbil + Tense.
Used when something might not happen.
Example: Gitmeyebilirim (I might not go).
Practical Examples:
Function | Turkish Example | English Translation |
Ability | Yüzebilirim | I can swim. |
Permission | Bakabilir misiniz? | Could you look? |
Inability | Süremem | I cannot drive (I don't know how). |
Possibility | Gelebilir | He/She might come. |
Uncertainty | Bilmeyebilir | He/She might not know. |